How do integral end bents function in bridge construction?

Integral end bents play a crucial role in bridge construction by being rigidly connected to the superstructure. This design approach promotes a continuous structure, eliminating the need for expansion joints at the connections between the superstructure and substructure. The rigidity of this connection allows for the distribution of loads and movements throughout the structure, enhancing the overall stability and integrity of the bridge.

By being integral, these bents allow the bridge to behave as a single unit, which can be beneficial in managing thermal expansion and contraction, as well as minimizing maintenance needs associated with traditional expansion joints. Rigid connections help in transferring vertical and lateral forces effectively, contributing to the durability and longevity of the bridge.

Other options describe characteristics that are not applicable to integral end bents. For instance, being independent of the superstructure would contradict the very purpose of integral design. Similarly, requiring multiple expansion joints would negate the seamless connection meant to enhance structural performance. Lastly, being built solely to support pedestrian traffic does not reflect the function of integral end bents, which are structurally capable of supporting vehicular loads as well.